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The word mathematics

The word mathematics comes from the ancient Greeks and is derived from the word máthēma, meaning "that which is learnt," according to Douglas R. Harper, author of the "Online Etymology Dictionary(opens in new tab)." The ancient Greeks built on other ancient civilizations’ mathematical studies, and they developed the model of abstract mathematics through geometry. 

Greek mathematicians were divided into several schools, as outlined by G. Donald Allen, professor of Mathematics at Texas A&M University in his paper, "The Origins of Greek Mathematics(opens in new tab)":

In addition to the Greek mathematicians listed above, a number of other ancient Greeks made an indelible mark on the history of mathematics, including Archimedes, most famous for the Archimedes' principle around the buoyant force; Apollonius, who did important work with parabolas; Diophantus, the first Greek mathematician to recognize fractions as numbers; Pappus, known for his hexagon theorem; and Euclid, who first described the golden ratio.

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